Treatment Options for Substance Use Disorder

Substance use disorder (SUD) is a medical condition characterized by an inability to control the use of a substance despite harmful consequences. The DSM-5 substance use disorder definition outlines it as a condition with varying severity based on criteria such as increased tolerance, withdrawal symptoms, and continued use despite physical or psychological harm. According to the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), an estimated 49 million people aged 12 or older in the U.S. struggled with a substance use disorder in 2022.

The substance use disorder definition in the DSM-5 emphasizes that this is not merely a lack of willpower — it is a complex interplay of biological, psychological, and environmental factors. Left untreated, it can result in severe health problems, including heart disease, liver failure, mental health disorders, and even death. Statistics from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reveal that nearly 110,000 Americans died from drug overdoses in 2022 alone, underscoring the danger of this condition.

Why Receiving Treatment Is Crucial

Treating substance use disorders can save lives and improve overall quality of life. Recovery also reduces healthcare costs, crime rates, and the societal burden of addiction. Early intervention is critical, as untreated substance use disorder symptoms often escalate, leading to more severe consequences. In addition, addressing SUD can improve mental health outcomes, as co-occurring mental health issues are common among individuals with SUD.

Regular health screenings play a vital role in identifying at-risk individuals early and providing timely interventions.

Substance Use Disorder Criteria in the DSM-5

The substance use disorder DSM-5 criteria involve 11 specific symptoms, grouped under impaired control, social impairment, risky use, and pharmacological effects. These include:

• Using larger amounts of the substance or for a longer duration than intended.
• Persistent desire or unsuccessful attempts to cut down or control use.
• Spending excessive time obtaining, using, or recovering from the substance.
• Experiencing cravings or strong desires to use the substance.

Meeting at least two of these criteria within a 12-month period indicates the presence of SUD. Greater numbers of symptoms signify higher severity levels, from mild to severe. The practice guideline for the treatment of patients with substance use disorders recommends tailoring treatments based on these severity levels.

Treatment Options for Substance Use Disorder

The substance use disorder treatment landscape includes several evidence-based approaches, many of which can be combined for better outcomes.

1. Detoxification

The first step for many is detox, where the body rids itself of the substance. This process should be medically supervised, especially for substances like alcohol or benzodiazepines, which can cause severe withdrawal symptoms.

2. Behavioral Therapy

Therapies such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Motivational Interviewing (MI) are effective in addressing the thought patterns and behaviors contributing to SUD. These therapies also help individuals develop coping strategies for triggers. For tips on managing stress during recovery, refer to coping strategies for anxiety and stress.

3. Medication-Assisted Treatment (MAT)

MAT combines medications like methadone, buprenorphine, or naltrexone with counseling. This approach is particularly effective for opioid and alcohol dependence. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) reports that MAT can reduce opioid overdose deaths by over 50%.

4. Inpatient and Outpatient Programs

• Inpatient treatment provides structured, round-the-clock care in a controlled environment.
• Outpatient programs offer flexibility, allowing individuals to continue daily responsibilities while attending therapy sessions.

5. Support Groups

Programs like Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) or Narcotics Anonymous (NA) provide peer support and accountability, which are critical for long-term recovery.

6. Holistic Approaches

Incorporating exercise, mindfulness, and nutrition into recovery plans can promote overall well-being. As outlined in the importance of exercise to overall well-being, physical activity can help alleviate withdrawal symptoms and reduce cravings.

Challenges in Accessing Treatment

While effective treatments exist, barriers such as stigma, cost, and lack of access to quality care often prevent individuals from seeking help. According to SAMHSA, nearly 90% of people with SUD in 2021 did not receive treatment.

Healthcare providers play a key role in overcoming these barriers. Preventive care can help identify SUD early and connect individuals to the resources they need.

The Role of Professional Counseling

Professional counseling services are indispensable in the treatment of substance use disorders. These services often involve comprehensive assessments, individualized treatment plans, and ongoing support to address both addiction and underlying mental health conditions. CommuniHealth’s psychiatric and professional counseling services offer a robust framework for individuals seeking holistic care.

Substance use disorder is a life-threatening condition with far-reaching consequences, but it is treatable. Early intervention and access to comprehensive treatment options, such as behavioral therapy, MAT, and professional counseling, can transform lives and communities. By leveraging tools like regular screenings and preventive care, society can take meaningful steps toward combating this epidemic.

If you or someone you know is struggling with substance use disorder symptoms, reach out to a healthcare professional or a trusted organization like SAMHSA to get help right away.

At CommuniHealth Services, we understand the importance of preventive care and encourage all of our patients to schedule preventive services. As a federally qualified health center, we strive to ensure underserved populations receive holistic health care. We provide medical, dental, and behavioral health care services for patients of all ages. Other services include pharmacy, substance abuse counseling, transportation, translation, specialty care/services, health education, and comprehensive outreach. You can learn more about the services we offer or even schedule an appointment at one of our many locations!